For many patients diagnosed with a glioblastoma brain tumor, seizures can be one of the most alarming early symptoms. In fact, epilepsy is a common complication of brain tumors, especially glioblastomas. Understanding how and why seizures occur, what they may signal, and how they can be managed is a key part of living with and treating glioblastoma.
This blog explores the connection between glioblastoma brain tumors and epilepsy, and how our team at the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center supports patients dealing with both.
What Is a Glioblastoma Brain Tumor?
A glioblastoma brain tumor is the most aggressive, fast-growing form of malignant brain cancer in adults. It originates from the brain’s supportive glial cells and is known for its rapid growth and ability to invade healthy brain tissue.
Common symptoms of glioblastoma include:
- Headaches
- Memory problems
- Personality changes
- Weakness or vision changes
- Seizures or other neurological symptoms
For some people, a seizure is the first noticeable sign that something is wrong.
Are All Brain Tumors Glioblastomas?
No, not all brain tumors are glioblastomas. There are many types of brain tumors, both benign and malignant. Glioblastoma is a type of glioma and is considered a grade 4 tumor, meaning it is the most aggressive. Other types of brain tumors include meningiomas, astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and metastatic brain tumors. Each type has its own treatment approach and prognosis.
Understanding the specific type of brain tumor is essential for choosing the right treatment plan. A glioblastoma brain tumor requires a different strategy than a low-grade or benign tumor.
Why Do Brain Tumors Like Glioblastoma Cause Seizures?
The brain is a complex electrical system. When a tumor grows in or near areas of the brain responsible for electrical signaling, it can disrupt normal brain function. This disruption can lead to seizures.
Glioblastoma brain tumors are especially likely to cause seizures because:
- They grow quickly and often involve critical brain areas.
- They can cause irritation or scarring in the brain tissue.
- They change the brain’s chemical and electrical environment.
Not everyone with glioblastoma will experience seizures, but it is common. Studies show that up to 60 percent of glioblastoma patients may develop seizures at some point.
What Do Seizures Look Like in Glioblastoma Patients?
Seizures can vary depending on where the tumor is located. They may include:
- Muscle jerking or twitching
- Staring spells or confusion
- Sudden loss of awareness
- Tingling sensations or unusual smells
Some seizures are brief and go unnoticed by others, while others may cause dramatic symptoms. Either way, they are important to evaluate.
How Are Seizures Diagnosed and Treated?
If a patient experiences a seizure, the care team may order:
- MRI or CT scans to look for brain tumors
- Electroencephalogram (EEG) to study brain activity
- Blood work to rule out other causes
Once a diagnosis is confirmed, the focus shifts to managing seizures alongside treating the tumor.
Potential Treatment Options
Seizure treatment may include:
Anti-Seizure Medications
These medications, also called antiepileptics, help control seizure activity. Finding the right drug and dosage is often a process of trial and observation, especially for patients with glioblastoma who may also be undergoing other treatments.
Surgery
If surgery is part of the glioblastoma brain tumor treatment plan, removing the tumor may reduce or eliminate seizure activity.
Monitoring and Lifestyle Adjustments
Our team provides guidance on daily safety, activity restrictions, and how to track and report seizure symptoms. We also coordinate with neurologists to ensure patients get comprehensive care.
Living With a Glioblastoma Brain Tumor and Epilepsy
Managing both a glioblastoma brain tumor and epilepsy can feel overwhelming, but patients are not alone. At the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, we take a whole-person approach to care. That means:
- Providing support for seizure control and medication management
- Helping patients and caregivers navigate day-to-day challenges
- Creating treatment plans tailored to both tumor control and neurological health
Our experts work together across specialties to ensure that care is coordinated, compassionate, and up to date with the latest research. Learn more about our Adult Neuro-Oncology Program and our Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Program, and how we personalize care for every stage of the journey.
When to Seek Help
If you or a loved one experiences new or worsening seizures, it’s important to speak with your care team right away. Seizures can signal tumor changes or medication adjustments that may be needed.
Even a single seizure should be evaluated, especially in someone with a known brain tumor or neurological symptoms.
Personalized Brain Tumor Care at Duke
Understanding the link between glioblastoma brain tumors and epilepsy is an important step in managing care. Whether seizures are part of your initial diagnosis or develop later in the journey, we’re here to help you feel informed, supported, and seen.
At the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, we walk with you through every step of your recovery, scan by scan, visit by visit, conversation by conversation. Ready to take the next step? Schedule an appointment today and connect with a team that understands your journey.
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Related Readings:
- How Long Does It Take the Brain to Heal After Tumor Removal?
- Seizures Explained: Their Role and Impact During Brain Tumor Treatment
- Brain Swelling After Brain Tumor Surgery: What to Expect
FAQs About Glioblastoma Brain Tumors and Seizures
Can seizures be controlled with medication?
Yes. Anti-seizure medications are effective for many people, though it may take time to find the best option.
Will surgery stop seizures?
In some cases, removing the tumor reduces or stops seizures, but this depends on tumor location and other factors.
What should I do if I have a seizure?
Notify your care team immediately. They may order new scans or adjust your medication.
Is it safe to drive with a history of seizures?
This depends on your local laws and your seizure control status. Your care team will help you understand any driving restrictions